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The process – not the rhetoric – of change.

Peiting Chen — Thu, 20 Nov 2008 10:48:53 -0500

If change is to come, we cannot return to business as usual. We have seen so many elections that promised hope and more responsive government. And time and again, we have returned from our polling places to our homes and just waited for change to come. This time, something must be different.

It is wonderful that Americans showed their commitment by standing in lines for hours to vote or volunteered in the final months of the campaign – no matter which candidate they supported. But change will not come if citizens return to disengagement and leaders head to Washington and only listen to themselves and the lobbyists. The public voice that roared with impressive voter turnout cannot go silent in the months and years to come if we are to make real progress on entrenched, unresolved issues.

Public dialogue is the way forward.

This election brought more people of diverse backgrounds and young people into the political process than ever before. It would be a tragedy if American politics alienates those newcomers with a political process that doesn’t ask for their continued involvement and returns to the same old bickering between parties and jockeying for political points instead of long-term planning for the challenges that lay ahead.

President-elect Obama said, “I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation… And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn, I may not have won your vote tonight, but I hear your voices, I need your help, and I will be your president too.” But it isn’t always easy to listen to Americans from all walks of life when you spend the majority of your time at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. How can the president stay connected?

Public dialogue is the way forward.

With no clear consensus on how to proceed in Iraq and Afghanistan, huge unresolved questions about how to spur economic growth and no national consensus on issues like healthcare, immigration, energy and taxes, it is clear that the election did not provide all of the answers. Even if one believes that the election was the strongest possible repudiation of the Bush Administration’s agenda, it cannot be asserted that an Obama Administration has carte blanche to proceed without heed.

The promise of full public participation cannot end with the campaign. Barak Obama has promised that his administration will continue to seek full public inclusion, will respect differences and opposing points of view and will seek common ground to build on. Our community-organizer-in-chief knows that inclusion doesn’t happen by political osmosis and public participation doesn’t come about by wishful thinking.

Public dialogue is the way forward.

Organizations like Public Agenda help communities connect to leaders and have substantial conversations based on thorough issue frameworks and make progress on tough issues that demand compromise and sacrifice. We know that informed citizens are the real leaders of change across America, and no major reform can take place in the United States without their participation and support. We also know that a public that is not fully involved in learning and contributing to national conversation can be a major barrier to change.

Real public dialogue isn’t PR in progressive clothing. Nor is it a “nice idea” in democratic theory. Public dialogue is the actual day-to-day, down-in-the-trenches practice of democracy. It’s bringing together people who normally would never sit in the same room together and helping them explore issues and find common ground for action. It is extending the conversation that happens between candidates during campaigns to communities across America so that people of all walks of life and from many sets of experiences can weigh in with their own knowledge and beliefs. Building national consensus on the tough issues we face requires hard work to keep Americans engaged and learning.

PUBLIC DIALOGUE IS THE WAY FORWARD.

America didn’t just vote for Barak Obama, it voted for a different way of conducting politics. With this election, Americans have said “We want leaders who listen.” Listening can’t happen through polls, lobbyists and the echo chamber that is Washington. Dialogue works. Dialogue is the practice of democracy for the 21st century. Dialogue is the way forward, together.

Former SEC Chairman Calls Bailout Deal "Opaque" at New York Insiders Event

Peiting Chen — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 15:08:43 -0500

Former SEC Chairman Shares Insights On The Economy

Francie Grace — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 13:46:33 -0500

The year ahead, says William Donaldson, is likely to be another tough one, but it's also likely that entrepreneurs will find opportunities even in the current economic climate. Speaking at the Maxwell School/Public Agenda Policy Breakfast, the former top boss of both the SEC and the NYSE zeroed in on Wall Street's varied history on regulation as he discussed measures that could be of use today. Donaldson, an advisor on Barack Obama's transition team, cautioned that regulatory reforms, to be meaningful, must be done on a global scale. Click here to read more about his remarks.

Below The Radar

Maya Dusenbery — Wed, 19 Nov 2008 10:59:46 -0500

Between the long shadow cast by the economy and the excitement of the historic election of Barack Obama as the new president of the United States, there's one subject which has barely made it into the headlines. Among the ballot initiatives that were decided in the fifty states were three referenda which would have banned or restricted abortion. These measures, in South Dakota, Colorado, and California, were all defeated.

Although the pro-life and pro-choice movements often appear irreconcilably polarized, the public does not seem to consider the issue so clear-cut. In fact, while a majority of the public supports Roe v. Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion in the U.S., few Americans hold strictly pro-choice or pro-life views. Twenty-four percent believe abortion should be "legal under any circumstances," 57% believe it should be legal "only under certain circumstances," and 18% believe it should be "illegal in all circumstances."

Americans also seem to differentiate between their individual beliefs and what they think should be codified in law. For example, while 53% of the public personally believe that, in general, abortion is morally wrong, 68% also think that regardless of their own individual beliefs, it is a decision to be made by the woman and her doctor.

Although abortion is a highly divisive issue, the intense battle between the most zealous segments of the pro-choice and pro-life movements serves to obscure the fact that much of the public sees a gray area. Lost in the vitriolic political debate is the fact that many Americans, although uncomfortable with a government ban on abortion, would also like to see a lot less of them.

Both the pro-life and pro-choice movements would do well to focus less on demonizing the other side (as baby-killers, on the one hand, or religious fanatics, on the other) and more on solving one goal that those on either side of the issue can agree on: reducing the number of abortions. Perhaps, by listening to the complex opinions of the public, we can find a common-ground approach to ending the long, bitter conflict over abortion in the U.S.

For more information on public views on abortion, see Public Agenda's issue guide on the subject at http://www.publicagenda.org/citizen/issueguides/abortion.

Could an Economic Downturn Be the Ticket to Health Care Reform?

Jenny Choi — Tue, 18 Nov 2008 16:25:53 -0500

An analysis in the Los Angeles Times today posits what could prove to be a tipping point for the health care crisis: the current economic slump. Senate Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus (D-Mont.) announced his proposal last week for a universal health care package, and Senator Ted Kennedy (D-Mass.), a long-time proponent of expanded coverage, says he plans to advance his own universal health care plan next week. But how can we possibly be talking about expanding coverage at the same time that the government has a ballooning deficit?

Health care costs in the current economic climate have no doubt placed an enormous added strain on the uninsured and the newly unemployed, not to mention employers, health care providers and the government. But many believe that health care and the economy are inextricably linked -- that, in essence, health care is an economic problem. Last week, the New America Foundation released a report, "The Cost of Doing Nothing," which argues that waiting to reform the system, while costs continue to skyrocket, comes with a price. By their calculations, the "economic cost of failure," the billions of dollars in lost productivity for those without coverage, is actually less cost-effective than covering every American.

Americans, on the whole, agree that our current health care system has major flaws and is in need of change, but the degree of reform is less unanimous. Public support for a universal health care plan varies based on survey question wording. Two-thirds believe it is the federal government's responsibility to ensure that all American have health coverage, but they are less galvanized about requiring it by law. Still, the consensus is that lowering the cost of health care and extending it to more people are the most important issues for the president and Congress to deal with.

More on public attitudes about various health care issues can be found in our red flags section, and be sure to visit the health care guide in our Citizen's Survival Kit for the bigger picture: key facts and statistics, plus a discussion guide that offers three approaches to the problem, with pros, cons and specific strategies for each.

The View From Here: One Of Wall Street's Own
Looks At Past Mistakes, Present Opportunities

Francie Grace — Tue, 18 Nov 2008 12:13:20 -0500

By Meagan Murray

William H. Donaldson (right), a member of Barack Obama's transition team and former top boss at both the SEC and the NYSE, shares his insights on Wall Street, regulation and the bailout, in a conversation with National Public Radio's Robert Siegel.

The coming year, says William H. Donaldson, is most likely going to be a rough one. "But I have high hopes that we will have pulled ourselves out - that the world will have pulled itself out – of this in four years."

The economic forecast comes from one of Wall Street's own - a former chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission whose many credentials in finance and government include a stint as president of the New York Stock Exchange and his current status as an economic advisor on President-elect Barack Obama's transition team.

Speaking in New York Nov. 17th at the latest installment of the Maxwell School/Public Agenda Policy Breakfast lecture series, Donaldson shared his misgivings about the strategy of trying to stem the slide on Wall Street by having the government use taxpayer funds to buy the banking industry's most loss-mired portfolios.

"The problem with attempting to buy the ‘so-called' toxic assets is, among other things, how you price them," said Donaldson. "If you pay too much, you are subsidizing the banks. If you pay too little, you may destroy the banking system."

The better option, Donaldson stated, is injecting equity capital into the banks to create the capability for lending again.

Known as a stickler for regulation during his time at the SEC, Donaldson sees now as pertinent a time as ever for the government to play a hand in monitoring the banking industry.

"There is some opaqueness as to what demands the government has made on the banking system for putting the money in," he said. "The banks are sitting on that capital and not investing it, not loaning it. That was not the reason they've been re-liquefied. There is not much sunlight in terms of exactly what is going on."

Donaldson continued to say that arguments for continued deregulation, similar to those the New York Times reports are now being advanced by former Texas Senator Phil Gramm, are destructive toward economic repair. Donaldson also believes Gramm's own deregulatory efforts – specifically the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 that allowed commercial and investment banks to consolidate and obviated the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 (one of the many regulatory forms of legislation passed by Congress during the Depression era) – "let everybody get into everybody else's business." The fallout, he said, resulted in both the SEC and Federal Reserve being held responsible for monitoring the banking sector, which Donaldson claimed "left huge gaps of unregulated business – the most notorious being the mortgage business."

The problem lies in the differences of responsibilities between the two agencies. The SEC, Donaldson said, serves as a police agency for investor protection by ensuring public disclosure and oversight of issued securities. The Federal Reserve, on the other hand, is in charge of making sure the banking system is functioning strongly. The problem, Donaldson says, is there is no overlap or consideration for either bureau.

"Whose jurisdiction is this?" he asked in reference to the fallout of regulating the banking industry. "The Fed is not concerned about the investor; they're concerned about the impact of that business on the system, whereas the SEC is concerned about the investor information," Donaldson said. "Those are two totally different missions… and so there is a conflict."

Asked about the campaign by U.S. automakers to get government help, an issue on the front burner in the lame duck session of Congress, Donaldson was reluctant to back any one approach to the problem. "When you get into the automotive industry, we're dealing with a totally different animal," he said. "We're dealing with a commercial operation and a competitive industry that's competing on a world-wide basis."

An option he said both the automotive companies and government could consider is bankruptcy, wherein the company does not disappear, but winds up being restructured under new management - although American morale, he acknowledged, likely would be dented by a bankruptcy of a landmark corporation such as General Motors.

Another possibility could be a compromise between bankruptcy and a federal bailout plan, in which creditors and stockholders negotiate a plan of reorganization without filing for Chapter 11.

All in all, Donaldson believes the auto industry's woes will be another burden pushed onto the next administration. In his opinion, there is no "silver bullet" regulation that can be immediately put into effect and fix the economy, but he does suggest that the credit market should open up again to consumers, both at home and worldwide.

"We're no longer isolated," he said. "We can address some of these regulatory changes… and get our house in order, but it will be meaningless unless we have a global approach - unless we have regulation around the world that is coordinated and basically prevents somebody from fleeing a highly regulated environment to a less regular environment. That's going to be really tough to do… An attempt to get the world coordinated is one of the big challenges going on in the world right now."

Donaldson said that events such as the G-20 meeting held this past weekend in Washington are critical to addressing the need for global cooperation with economic regulation. While principles and guidelines are easy enough to extract from thought, he knows enforcing them worldwide as rules will be a task built from the ground up; something he believes our country has to achieve on its own before we can apply it to the global economy.

In the end, he left the audience with a glimmer of hope for the economy. "Things do change," Donaldson said. "There's an amazing resuscitating – from the ashes rise entrepreneurs – and I think that's going to continue."

To keep informed on the economy and the choices we face as a nation, and to let our leaders know what you want, check out our Citizen's Survival Kit and our Take It To The Next Level console of e-mail addresses for everyone from the president and president-elect on down to your Senators and Congressional representative.

Homework For The New Administration And The 111th Congress

Francie Grace — Mon, 17 Nov 2008 17:21:26 -0500

Entering a new era in Washington is a good time for many things, including a good hard look at what needs to be done to improve our education system, from pre-kindergarten all the way up through college. With that in mind, Paul Gasbarra of our Education Insights unit has written an open letter to the president-elect and lawmakers, with an education reform "to do" list to tack to their Blackberries as they return to Washington. We invite you to check out his list and then log on to our site to discuss the education issues you feel should be priorities in 2009.

An Open Letter To President-Elect Obama And The 111th Congress

Francie Grace — Mon, 17 Nov 2008 16:10:55 -0500

by Paul Gasbarra

Congratulations on your victory, we look forward to being served by you. You have all worked hard to earn the trust of the people and garner their votes. Soon you will be convening in Washington to craft policy that will improve and preserve democracy in our country.

There are many challenges ahead of you: curing a sick economy, managing two wars overseas, helping Americans keep their homes, to name a few, and we here at Education Insights know that this will keep you busy for quite some time.

However we must add to your long and daunting "to do" list the task of improving the educational system in our country. Every sector from Pre-K to college needs improvement, so while you are thinking hard between sessions, we would like to give you our own modest assignment to tackle before you ascend Capitol Hill or take office at the White House.

Public Agenda is in the unique position of being equipped to provide you not only with a list of ideas but also with a healthy dose of public thought.

You no doubt heard much of the public's thoughts during your campaign, but we have carefully gathered public opinion on a variety of issues and would like to share our resources with you.

Teachers

The Obama Administration has made it clear that getting good teachers into schools is a top priority. The ranks of teachers need to be filled, and the teachers need to be better trained and mentored. Our report "Stand By Me: What Teachers Really Think about Unions, Merit Pay and Other Professional Matters," offers a chance to get a look at what teachers themselves think, and their views are more textured and complex than many assume.

For example, most teachers support standardized testing, high school exit exams, and using testing as a basis for promotion. At the same time, most are concerned about the amount of testing and the danger that too much "teaching to the test" can stifle real learning. Similarly, teachers support higher academic standards, and very few want to return to policies of the past such as social promotion. Yet, most want standards set by educators, and not by state or local elected officials.

Lawmakers are legitimately concerned about the need to remove ineffective teachers who "are just going through the motions," and they may be tempted to focus mainly on eliminating tenure or reducing the influence of teachers' unions. But the views of rank and file teachers suggest a more complex situation. Most teachers say that without unions, their working conditions and salaries would be worse, and they might be vulnerable to unfair charges from parents or students. Yet, nearly half say unions sometimes protect teachers who shouldn't be in the classroom, and most acknowledge that receiving tenure is no guarantee that teachers have proved their effectiveness in the classroom.

"Stand By Me" also offers insights helpful to those trying to insure that new teachers start off on the right foot. Teachers believe the rookies among them need more training on how to handle discipline problems. The newbies themselves see reducing class size and requiring high school teachers to major in their subject as very effective ways to improve teacher quality.

Our latest series of teacher reports deals even more closely with new teachers. "Lessons Learned: New Teachers Talk About Their Jobs, Challenges and Long Range Plans," (see each part of the series, Issue I, Issue II and Issue III) offers a great deal of insight into how new teachers are trained, how they fare in their first year, and the distinctive challenges of middle and high school teachers.

New teachers are upfront about revealing they need more preparation, especially when it comes to dealing with more diverse classrooms and working with special needs students. New high-school and middle-school teachers are more likely to say they have problems with student discipline and are not getting support from the administration. Finally, new teachers from premier alternative programs such as Teach For America or Troops-To-Teachers are more idealistic than their traditional path counterparts, but often say they could use more preparation and support than they currently receive.

A Mission of the Heart: What Does It Take to Transform a School, which focuses on principals in high-needs schools, also provides food for thought. Most principals we interviewed fell into one of two distinct categories: they were either "transformers," with an explicit vision of what their school might be like and a specific plan for moving it forward, or they were "copers," just struggling to avoid being overwhelmed and make it through the day without the situation getting worse. It's a crucial and intriguing difference, and it could be an important key to transforming troubled schools.

Higher Education

Current economic woes threaten higher education in a variety of ways.

As Wall Street's woes increased, the size of many college and university endowments decreased, due to the declining value of many investments. Donors are also not immune to stock market fluctuations and economic problems and have less money to give schools. Students and their families are furthermore less likely to be able to afford college in a trying economy, and lenders are cagier about loaning money.

Unfortunately, studies here at Public Agenda suggest the picture was getting grim for the college-bound even before the bad news of the last few months. Our report, "Squeeze Play: How Parents and the Public Look at Higher Education Today," is required reading for legislators interested in a snapshot of public views on higher education.

Most people feel that a college education is virtually a right, something that should be provided to qualified students regardless of cost. Less than half of Americans believe that someone can succeed without a college education, and they believe that employers are less likely to hire individuals with a degree.

People still tend to believe that college offers a solid education but more than ever, they think qualified students don't have the opportunity. It is important to take action to reverse this sentiment which has been growing steadily for the past decade. Moreover, significant numbers of Americans question whether higher education is becoming too much like a business with diminishing focus on education itself.

Solving the challenges facing higher education today will require the participation of many stakeholders, not least among them the leaders of colleges and universities. In our report, "The Iron Triangle: College Presidents Talk About Costs, Access, and Quality," we find that university presidents for the most part see cost, quality and access as locked into an unbreakable reciprocal relationship.

In their view, the improvements that many Americans want to see, such as more opportunity for qualified students to go to school, cannot be made without resources. . College presidents believe that to increase access and decrease costs would mean sacrificing quality. They would like to see more government investment in higher education and improvements in K-12.

A stalemate among stakeholders appears all but certain unless steps are taken to encourage a more candid and probing dialogue about what it's going to take to build the kind of higher education system to U.S. needs for the future.

Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Education (STEM)

Technology is king in our information economy, but the STEM fields may face a dwindling talent pool unless efforts to educate and recruit more young learners to the scientific ranks aren't stepped up. Our report, "Reality Check: Are Parents and Students Ready for More Math and Science?", takes a close look at the thoughts of parents on this subject. We also got a more focused look at the issue in the Midwest with a report called "Important But Not For Me: Parents and Students in Kansas and Missouri Talk about Math, Science and Technology Education."

Reality Check reveals that while math and science are on parents' radar as important topics, more than half of parents interviewed believe that math and science education in their own child's school is fine as it is, with nearly 7 in 10 parents of high school students saying this. Perhaps this is a misconception that lawmakers should address. Students themselves aren't that keen on math and computer skills, just half of them believe that strong math and science skills are absolutely essential.

Public Agenda has also taken a close look at the Hispanic population's relationship with Math and Science. In our report, "Out Before the Game Begins," we spoke with prominent leaders in science, business, and public service about what will be needed to help Hispanics - the nation's fastest growing population group - get involved in science, math, and engineering, as their presence will be greatly needed there.

The leaders we spoke with had many helpful insights and emphasized that many young Hispanics are poorly served by the education system, lack of strong English-language-learning program and a lack of important role models in the STEM fields. Combined, these hurdles make it difficult to encourage them to pursue science education.

In a partner report to "Out Before The Game Begins," Public Agenda analyzed and compiled our recent opinion survey findings presented it in "A Matter of Trust: Ten Key Insights from Recent Public Opinion Research on Attitudes About Education Among Hispanic Parents, Students and Young Adults." In this report, we found that Hispanic parents are more trusting of teachers and administrators and value college education even more than non-Hispanic parents. However, many believe the schools their children attend suffer from by a lack of resources and social problems such as violence in schools and high dropout rates.

Public Engagement

Finally, in tough times like these, it’s unlikely that we’ll be able to afford all the things we might want, such as new facilities, new technology, or big pay raises for teachers. But this doesn’t mean we can’t do anything.

One of the greatest contributions new leadership can make is to create and support opportunities for the public to get involved through well-designed and moderated opportunities for citizen engagement and problem-solving.

In the summer of 2007, Public Agenda convened a meeting of foundation representatives and leaders of community-based organizations, to explore the relationship between philanthropy, community engagement and civic health, especially with respect to the specific case of education.

At the meeting, leaders addressed using a citizen-centered approach as a model to follow. Participants argued that it would be difficult for a school to remain unhealthy in a healthy community and likewise a healthy school would not last long in an unhealthy community. So while our economy may not be healthy, our communities don’t need to follow suit.

Another important insight that came from this meeting is that participants spoke about the potential for leaders to effect meaningful change.

We'll leave you with what we hope is an inspiring quote from that conference - - words we believe are a call to action for the leaders who have stepped forward at this time when we are facing so many critical challenges:

"Very few figures have the power to capture the imagination of citizens and really mobilize the public. Therefore it's important to capitalize on those moments when powerful leaders step up and say they want to engage citizens."

Sharing the Dream

Peiting Chen — Mon, 17 Nov 2008 13:07:35 -0500

This Public Agenda report, prepared for the "Achieving the Dream" initiative to close achievement gaps at the nation's community colleges, offers insight into how the initiative's goals will be received by critical stakeholders in and around community colleges.

Opportunity Knocks

Peiting Chen — Mon, 17 Nov 2008 13:02:37 -0500

"Opportunity Knocks" reports findings from qualitative research conducted on parent and student attitudes about math, engineering, science, and technology education in the Kansas City region. The report builds on finding published in another Public Agenda report, "Important, but Not for Me" and explores how regional leaders can bridge the "urgency gap" by using language that emphasizes the concrete opportunities associated with improved math and science education and achievement.

The Way Forward

Michael Remaley — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 12:01:51 -0500

The process – not the rhetoric – of change.

It is wonderful that Americans showed their commitment by standing in lines for hours to vote or volunteered in the final months of the campaign – no matter which candidate they supported. But change will not come if citizens return to disengagement and leaders head to Washington and only listen to themselves and to lobbyists. The public voice that roared with impressive voter turnout cannot go silent in the months and years to come if we are to make real progress on entrenched, unresolved issues.

Public dialogue is the way forward.

This election brought more people of diverse backgrounds and young people into the political process than ever before. It would be a tragedy if American politics alienates those newcomers with a political process that doesn't ask for their continued involvement and returns to the same old bickering between parties and jockeying for political points instead of long-term planning for the challenges that lay ahead.

President-elect Barack Obama said, "I will listen to you, especially when we disagree." But it isn't always easy to listen to Americans from all walks of life when you spend the majority of your time at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. How can the president stay connected?

Public dialogue is the way forward.

With no clear consensus on how to proceed in Iraq and Afghanistan, huge unresolved questions about how to spur economic growth and no national consensus on issues like health care, immigration, energy and taxes, it is clear that the election did not provide all of the answers. Even if one believes that the election was a repudiation of the Bush administration's agenda, it cannot be asserted that an Obama administration has carte blanche to proceed without heed.

The promise of full public participation cannot end with the campaign.

Public dialogue is the way forward.

Organizations like Public Agenda help communities to connect with leaders, have substantive conversations based on thorough issue frameworks, and make progress on tough issues that demand compromise and sacrifice. We know that informed citizens are the real leaders of change across America, and no major reform can take place in the United States without their participation and support. We also know that a public that is not fully involved in learning and contributing to the national conversation can be a major barrier to change.

Real public dialogue isn't public relations in different clothing. Nor is it a "nice idea" in democratic theory. Public dialogue is the actual day-to-day, down-in-the-trenches practice of democracy. It's bringing together people who normally would never sit in the same room and helping them explore issues and find common ground for action. It is extending the conversation that happens between candidates during campaigns to communities across America so that people of all walks of life and from many sets of experiences can weigh in with their own knowledge and beliefs. Building national consensus on the tough issues we face requires hard work to keep Americans engaged and learning.

PUBLIC DIALOGUE IS THE WAY FORWARD.

America didn't just vote for Barack Obama, it voted for a different way of conducting politics. With this election, Americans have said: "We want leaders who listen." Listening can't happen through lobbyists and the echo chamber that is Washington. Dialogue works. Dialogue is the practice of democracy for the 21st century. Dialogue is the way forward, together.

Large majorities of Americans say people taking on more debt than they can afford and banks making risky loans...

Allison Rizzolo — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 11:39:17 -0500

Majorities say the government should step in to address the problems facing financial institutions, but are divided...

Allison Rizzolo — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 11:33:32 -0500

Lloyd Morrisett

Peiting Chen — Wed, 12 Nov 2008 13:38:21 -0500

Lloyd Morrisett is a chairman emeritus of the board of Sesame Workshop, formerly known as Children's Television Workshop, which he helped found in 1967. He is also chairman of Infonautics, Inc., a public Internet company.

From 1969 until his retirement in early January 1998, Dr. Morrisett served as president of The John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, where he initiated its program in communications and information technology. Prior to joining Markle, he served as Vice President of both the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. He has also been a member of board of trustees of the Rand Corporation, and a director of WEBS Index Fund and Haskins Laboratories, Inc.

Dr. Morrisett is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was a trustee, for many years, of Oberlin College and served as the chairman of the board from 1975 to 1981.

Dr. Morrisett received a B.A. from Oberlin College, pursued graduate work in psychology at U.C.L.A., and earned a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Yale University.

Peter G. Peterson

Wed, 12 Nov 2008 13:04:36 -0500

Peter G. Peterson, who is senior chairman and co-founder of The Blackstone Group, is also chairman of the Peter G. Peterson Foundation, which he founded in 2008 to tackle some of America's critical challenges, including the federal budget deficit, dismal national and personal savings rates, and a ballooning national debt endangering the viability of Social Security, Medicare and the overall economy.

The foundation is a continuation of Mr. Peterson's long record of advocacy for securing America's future. Some three decades ago, he chaired the commission which recommended that foundations be required to give away at least five percent of their assets annually, a rule the government adopted and which still holds today.

Prior to starting the Blackstone Group, Mr. Peterson was chairman and chief executive officer of Lehman Brothers and later held the same posts at Lehman Brothers, Kuhn, Loeb Inc. Early in his career, he was at Bell & Howell for 13 years, as executive vice president, director, and finally, as chief executive officer.

From 2000 to 2004, he was chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and he had a long career in government service. During the Nixon administration, Mr. Peterson served in positions including Secretary of Commerce, chairman of the National Commission on Productivity, executive director of the Council on Economic Policy, assistant to the president on International Economic Affairs, ambassador-at-large to Europe and Asia, and chairman of the U.S.-Soviet Commercial Commission, which negotiated comprehensive trade, export-import credit, arbitration, copyright and lend-lease agreements.

Mr. Peterson is chairman emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, founding chairman of the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington, DC, and founding president of The Concord Coalition, a bipartisan citizens' group advocating fiscal responsibility. Along with former U.S. Treasury Secretary John Snow, he co-chaired the Conference Board Commission on Public Trust and Private Enterprise. He has served as a director of numerous corporations and is the author of five books, including Running on Empty: How the Democratic and Republican Parties are Bankrupting Our Future and What Americans Can Do About It and Gray Dawn: How the Coming Age Wave Will Transform America."

A graduate of Northwestern University, Mr. Peterson earned a master of business administration degree from the University of Chicago. In addition, he has received honorary doctorate degrees from a number of universities. He has five children and nine grandchildren and lives in New York with his wife Joan Ganz Cooney, a director of the Peter G. Peterson Foundation and co-founder of the Children's Television Workshop.

Persistence Unnoticed

Paul Gasbarra — Tue, 11 Nov 2008 16:24:50 -0500

Is a diploma by any other name a diploma? I suppose it depends on who you ask. Graduation rates in the country are just under 70 percent, meaning that fewer than seven in ten freshmen who enter the system graduate from high school four years later.

Many of those who don't make it through are dropouts who quit school entirely, but a portion of this number are students who are taking longer than four years to complete the curriculum. A recent article in the Washington Post addresses this discrepancy, featuring the stories of students who are working full-time and coming to classes at odd hours in order to finalize their high school education. Though many favor the method of tallying the graduation rate as described above, many students are getting their diplomas and going on to find success by taking the long road.

This is a problem that is particularly pronounced in the Latino community. The Washington Post article features a handful of stories concerning students who are supporting themselves, sending money to family in other countries and completing school. In Public Agenda's summary of educational data, "A Matter of Trust: Ten Key Insights from Recent Public Opinion Research on Attitudes About Education Among Hispanic Parents, Students and Young Adults," we find that Hispanic students are more likely to say dropping out is a serious problem as well as more likely to see cutting class as a serious problem. So the encouraging thing to take from the Post article is that students are returning to school to get the job done.

According to "A Matter of Trust," most young Hispanics say they got a lot of encouragement to go to college. This is a promising sign, and getting their diploma is a first step. Such an education is highly valued among Hispanics, with 52 percent saying most people are really impressed by someone who graduates from college.

So the process is highly valued -- it may just take longer to get to the finish line than what is traditionally measured. States such as Virginia are tallying five-year graduation rates as well as four-year graduation rates. As the situation improves, we expect to see higher rates of graduates in both categories.

Obama Team Begins to Formulate Renewed Strategy in Afghanistan

Jenny Choi — Tue, 11 Nov 2008 13:29:57 -0500

A report in the Washington Post today highlights sharp contrasts in President-elect Barack Obama's overall strategy for the wars in Afghanistan and Iran from the current administration's, both militarily and diplomatically. A major difference is the Obama team's clear priority of shifting focus by deploying more troops to the war in Afghanistan, which has recently seen the most U.S. casualties since the conflict began. While President Bush has approved additional deployments of troops to the region, the timing would be contingent upon the U.S. presence in Iraq. Obama's advisers have also spoken about supporting talks between the Afghan government and some so-called "reconcilable" elements of the Taliban, a number of soldiers who, according to senior officers at the Pentagon, are "more opportunistic than ideologically committed."

National security advisers in the Obama camp have also spoken plainly about renewing efforts to capture Osama bin Laden and intensifying the fight against al-Qaeda, though any concrete military strategy has remained vague. But President-elect Obama was clear throughout his campaign about his intention to use diplomatic tactics and to engage with countries like Iran and Syria in order to bolster the overall counterterrorism effort.

Polling numbers on the U.S. effort in Aghanistan have shown increasingly negative attitudes in nearly every category. Our last edition of the Confidence in U.S. Foreign Policy Index indicated a significant lack of public confidence in U.S. effort in Afghanistan. Just 15 percent said the United States can do "a lot" about creating a stable Afghanistan, while just 28 percent gave the U.S. "A" and "B" grades for "succeeding in meeting our objectives in Afghanistan," a 12-point drop since we first asked the question in 2005.

On efforts to fight terrorism, the Foreign Policy Index has indicated clear movement in public attitudes towards a more diplomatic approach. Seven in 10 (69 percent) say the government should "put more emphasis on diplomatic and economic methods", over military efforts (23 percent). Six in 10 (59 percent) believe that "improved communication and dialogue with the Muslim world will reduce hatred of the U.S." And eight in 10 worry that the war in Iraq is "requiring so much money and attention that it may be distracting the U.S. from other threats in the world," with 47 percent saying they worry about this "a lot."

The Iraq and Beyond guide in our Citizen's Survival Kit delves into these issues in further detail, with relevant statistics, charts, and succinct analysis of the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq and the issues that surround our national security. Also be sure to check out the accompanying discussion guide, which lays out three approaches to foreign policy, with detailed pros, cons and specific strategies for each.

Our Responsibility And Opportunity To Participate In Change

Francie Grace — Tue, 11 Nov 2008 12:02:29 -0500

Now that the election is over, will citizens stay engaged and continue working for the public good, or will they become passive observers and consumers, waiting for the latest set of leaders to come up with solutions to the incredible challenges we face? To make real progress on entrenched, unresolved issues, the public voice that made itself heard during the election cannot afford to be silent. Click here to read Public Agenda President Ruth Wooden's thoughts on what citizens need to do, and to be an informed citizen on the issues, check out our Citizen's Survival Kit.

The People Have A Responsibility, And Deserve The Opportunity, To Participate In Change

Ruth Wooden — Tue, 11 Nov 2008 11:20:29 -0500

By Public Agenda President Ruth A. Wooden

Americans stood in lines to vote for hours and volunteered in staggering numbers in the final months of the campaign – and no matter which candidate they supported this was an impressive display of citizenship.

Now that the election is over, the question is this: Will citizens stay engaged and continue working for the public good, or will they return to their private concerns and become passive observers and consumers, waiting for the latest set of leaders to come up with solutions to the incredible challenges we face?

We believe that, if we are to make real progress on entrenched, unresolved issues, the public voice that made itself heard on various sides of the issues during the election cannot go silent in the months and years to come.

Real change will only come if government and citizens work together to create it. And I’m not just thinking of traditional citizen activists of the left and right. The nation needs a much larger, richer and more diverse array of citizens working together to help the nation find and put in place pragmatic, and not ideological, solutions to complex problems.

But is it realistic to think that the nation can continue to tap the energy and creativity of millions of citizens now that the organizing framework of the election is over? There is if the right conditions are put in place. For over thirty years Public Agenda has worked for better public dialogue, more robust public participation and a more productive working relationship among citizens, experts and policymakers. We know it is possible to bring more citizens to the table, put fresh ideas on the table, and work through our differences and resistances to change to find ways to move forward together.

The problems we face as a nation are great, and we cannot afford to leave citizens out of solving them. The hugely effective grassroots organizing that took place during the election season ought to be mobilized to keep Americans engaged and learning. The vast majority of Americans would be happy to hear the message: “The election may be over, but your job as citizen isn’t done yet.”

Citizens deserve the opportunity to stay engaged and the times that we live in demand that they do. Public Agenda will contribute all it can to help bring this about, and will join with others from all sectors of society who share this goal.

For all the help you need to stay engaged as an active citizen, understand the choices we face as a nation, and let our leaders know what you want and what you expect them to do, see our Citizen's Survival Kit and its issue guides on the Economy, Iraq & Beyond, Health Care, Taxes, Spending & Debt, Immigration, and Climate Change.

The New Pragmatism: Coping With America's Overwhelming Problems

Francie Grace — Mon, 10 Nov 2008 12:32:38 -0500

Learning Curve: A Tool For Problem-Solving

The U.S. needs a "New Pragmatism" to overcome the severe but solvable problems facing the nation, according to Public Agenda chairman and co-founder Daniel Yankelovich. In his Drucker Day address [see transcript of speech] at Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California, the social scientist examines why America's problem-solving skills have deteriorated, and lays out a new theory of the public's "learning curve" on difficult issues.

Mr. Yankelovich, a public opinion research pioneer, argues the nation's ability to effectively grapple with problems has eroded. That's primarily for cultural reasons, such as the growth of self-isolating communities, political polarization and a gap between experts and the public in how they frame issues.

In the face of these obstacles, traditional techniques like technological fixes, legislation and public relations may not work, he said. In his presentation, Mr. Yankelovich noted that pragmatism, a philosophy with deep roots in American history, focuses on action and experimentation rather than rigid ideology. In contrast, obstacles to resolving many key current public policy issues, on the other hand, often are ideological and cultural – that is, differences over core values.

Public Agenda chairman Daniel Yankelovich, seen here speaking at Claremont Graduate University, is suggesting that public opinion research – a field in which he is a pioneer – be used as a tool to learn more, and more quickly, about roadblocks preventing the resolution of difficult public policy disputes.

Those problems can themselves be fought with a cultural approach – the cultural approach of New Pragmatism, a traditional habit of American thought – which Mr. Yankelovich identifies as useful in working through difficult challenges we face today, including energy policy and dependence on foreign oil.

A New Pragmatist approach, says Mr. Yankelovich, calls for new tools to accelerate the public's "learning curve" on issues. He points out that the public goes through several stages in thinking about issues, from initial consciousness-raising to "working through" the alternatives to come to resolution.

But on complicated problems, the public's ability to get up to speed and grapple effectively with emerging problems may be too slow. Mr. Yankelovich argues that new opinion research tools are needed both to identify the obstacles to public involvement and to overcome them.

For more on the "New Pragmatism," see his PowerPoint presentation, view the streaming video of the speech, or read the transcript of the speech, given as the kickoff to the Peter Drucker centennial celebrations Nov. 8, 2008, at the Drucker School of Management at Claremont.

Details Emerge on Obama's Plan to Relocate Gitmo Detainees

Jenny Choi — Mon, 10 Nov 2008 12:14:24 -0500

Advisers involved in ongoing talks with president-elect Barack Obama regarding the prison at Guantanamo Bay said that a proposal is in the works to ship many prisoners to U.S. soil to face a criminal trial. Obama has been candid about his intention to shut down the controversial prison but had not previously been specific about how he would handle the enormous legal complications of relocating, prosecuting and detaining the hundreds of prisoners currently held there. One of Obama's legal advisers spoke about the proposal to establish a new tribunal system for cases that involve more sensitive, highly classified information, while also aiming for more transparency than the Bush administration's system of military tribunals.

Public support for past government policy of holding suspected terrorists at Guantanamo Bay without a trial varies depending on survey question wording. While 57 percent support it in one ABC News/ Washington Post poll, a Fox News poll indicates an even split when asked if it's fair to hold accused Taliban or al Qaeda terrorists at Guantanamo Bay without charging or trying them. Responses are similarly mixed when asked if holding prisoners at Guantanamo Bay has made the U.S. safer from terrorism; 34 percent said it has "somewhat" and 45 percent said it has not.

Viewpoint: The plague of economic illiteracy

Peiting Chen — Mon, 10 Nov 2008 09:50:23 -0500

With the Dow Jones down by nearly 40 percent over the last year, $2 trillion in retirement savings vanishing in the last few weeks, 2.2 million foreclosures in 2007, and America's national savings rate at zero, the country's current anxiety certainly seems warranted. But, as psychiatrists would say, anxiety is based on apprehensions about the unknown, whereas fear is based more on informed knowledge of danger.

This is not to say that well-informed fears about the U.S. and global economic crises don't grip millions of Americans as they see their 401(k)s shrink and hear dark-suited financial poohbahs gravely intone about nearly frozen credit markets, collapsing real-estate and financial markets, inflation and commodity-price volatility, increasing unemployment and falling consumption. Certainly, most would say that our "economic fundamentals" are not "strong," but few could go far in defining what those "fundamentals" actually are. Indeed, the current crises cast Americans' woeful lack of economic knowledge into sharp relief.

The statistics are sobering, if not humiliating: Just one-third of Americans understand how credit cards work; only half of those over 50 can approximate how much their savings would grow at a 2 percent interest rate, according to Dartmouth economist Annamaria Lusardi; 60 percent of 18-year-olds don't know the difference between Social Security and private pensions, reports University of Buffalo management school dean Lewis Mandell; and many Americans - pandered to by presidential candidates - think that the nation's half-trillion-dollar federal deficit could be solved by ending earmarks and government "waste." Even half of those with at least a master's degree working at Harvard University couldn't identify from prospectuses which investments incurred lower fees, according to Harvard economics professor David Laibson.

Ever since business, government, and educational leaders first systematically tried to introduce economic education into schools and workplaces after World War II, a host of organizations have made increasing Americans' financial (or economic) "literacy" a priority. From the National Council on Economic Education and Junior Achievement to an inter-agency government Financial Literacy and Education Commission, many efforts have been made to teach everyone from schoolchildren and college students to workers and retirees a basic understanding of economics.

But the results have been underwhelming.

This is not to say that Americans need to master the arcana of the "dismal science" to survive, but it is imperative for personal and national well-being that citizens have a much better sense of both personal finance and how the economy works.

Why?

You don't need to be Adam Smith, or Ben Bernanke, to recognize, as Cabaret lyricists did, that "money makes the world go around." While our world is defined by many nonmonetary things - beauty and love, family and community, the environment and security, values and learning - we live in a highly complex economy in which financial decisions at the personal, corporate, governmental and international levels affect almost every aspect of our lives. We need to be better informed economically to make sound decisions about personal savings and spending to improve our retirement and lifelong economic security. We also need to be better informed about macroeconomics and public finances - to know what does and doesn't promote economic growth and how and why taxpayer dollars are spent as they are - to make judgments and support policies that can bolster our national well-being.

So what do we need? Web sites, a bigger commitment by government and business, incentives, public service announcements? Yes, all of the above - and more.

Despite many state laws requiring K-12 economics instruction, schoolchildren should get a more in-depth education that goes beyond Balancing Your Checkbook 101. College students could adopt modules such as Public Agenda's new Students Face Up to the Nation's Finances - on federal budgeting and the causes and effects of rising national debt - which can be integrated into existing courses. The new Peterson Foundation is supporting other college and high school-level economic-education initiatives, including fiscal "games." For workers, an especially "teachable moment" for financial education is when they are newly hired, suggests Ms. Lusardi. And AARP offers extensive financial planning information, serving a particularly key niche given Dr. Laibson's concern that later-life cognitive decline may adversely affect individuals' financial decision-making.

But the trick, as with any pedagogy, is to figure out what works. Just dishing out facts doesn't. In the personal-finance sphere, one approach is to provide "nudges" for individuals to make more financially sound savings and other economic decisions, indirectly leading to better understanding of the reasons for their choices, as Richard Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein have written in Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness.

In teaching public finances and macroeconomics, the way to go may be games and other forms of active public engagement. Whether it's my students' enthusiasm in becoming mock policymakers to reform federal finances in the Students Face Up exercise, or my 11-year-old son figuring out how to most efficiently allocate resources through games such as Sim City, such engaged and engaging learning provides more effective "teachable moments" than statistics-besotted texts or lectures.

While the present economic environment may give us good reasons for fear, through better economic understanding we can help optimize real-world individual, national and global economic outcomes. We might even be able to better save for retirement and our children's college educations, bring some sanity to the federal budget, and make wiser investment and work-related decisions, all creating macroeconomic ripples that help lift the Dow out of the doldrums.

Andrew L. Yarrow, vice president and Washington director of Public Agenda, teaches at American University and is project director for Students Face Up to the Nation's Finances (www.facingup.org/faculty). He is the author of the book, "Forgive Us Our Debts: The Intergenerational Dangers of Fiscal Irresponsibility." His e-mail is ayarrow@publicagenda.org.

The Red Tape Jungle

Francie Grace — Fri, 07 Nov 2008 12:59:15 -0500

What can be done about excess bureaucracy in the schools? Public Agenda's Jean Johnson is among the experts discussing the issue in an online forum hosted by NewTalk.org. Forum participant Jane Hannaway of the Urban Institute notes bureaucracy is supposed to make things run more smoothly but trouble results when rules become more important than the goal of student achievement. Other participants include Marco Petruzzi of Green Dot Public Schools, who points out that many policies sprang from a "kernel of thoughtfulness" but now sap the spirit of common sense.

The Personal, the Political, and Assisted Suicide

Scott Bittle — Thu, 06 Nov 2008 12:09:07 -0500

It's tempting to think about problems in terms of government actions: laws passed, elections won, court rulings issued. Those are easy things for the media to cover; pre-packaged milestones. But public attitudes often develop in ways that have little to do with the election cycle, or with politics at all.

Assisted suicide and the broader question of "the right to die" is a classic example of a public issue that evolves slowly, privately, as people work through the moral implications in their own lives. In one of those "official" milestones almost overlooked amid all the post-election Obama-mania, Washington state quietly became the second state to approve physician-assisted suicide this week.

This is not an issue that seems to be shaped by big political events. Oregon voters first approved their Death With Dignity act in 1994, but since then five other ballot propositions in various states have failed. The U.S. Supreme Court has largely left this up to the states, ruling in 1997 that there was no constitutional right to assisted suicide, but also rejecting the Bush administration's attempt to block the Oregon law in 2006.

Attitudes also don't seem to be driven by media attention, either. The Terri Schiavo case riveted the nation for weeks in 2005, providing the worst-case scenario in an end-of-life situation: a comatose woman without a written advance directive, a divided family, and intense pressure from advocacy groups. It's true, a lot more people seem to have been interested in getting a living will after that case. In the end, however, the controversy made very little difference in basic public attitudes, at least based on survey data.

The reason for that may be that on this issue, personal experience outweighs traditional political action. And this is very much a personal issue for Americans. One-third of the public says they've had to decide whether to keep a loved one alive using extraordinary means. Six in 10 say they've discussed these questions with their parents. Nearly as many say they would consider ending their own lives if they were terminally ill. Few want the government to make these choices for them.

Another factor here is time. On almost any issue, the public needs time to think: time to consider the alternatives and implications of a problem. Everyone knows their first impression isn't always their final one, but somehow policymakers and the media forget that in decision making, taking flash reactions as the final word. In fact, that's just the beginning of the public's efforts to figure things out for themselves.

The public's actually been thinking about end of life issues since medical technology first started raising the question of "a good death" forty years ago. Basic attitudes have changed dramatically since the 1950s. But there are still lots of contradictions in public thinking. Surveys show, for example, that support falls when the poll question uses the word "suicide," a classic warning sign of inconsistent public thinking. Support rises when the question mentions safeguards.

The public will continue working this through. The advancement of medical science and the simple fact that people age and fall ill guarantees that. And the judgments the public reaches will have more to do with the values and experiences of a small group of people gathered around a hospital bed than with anything that happens in a polling place or a statehouse chamber.

Out Of The Past

Scott Bittle — Wed, 05 Nov 2008 14:56:32 -0500

To get a sense of how public attitudes about race have changed, you need only look back at the America Barack Obama was born in, and compare it to the one that has elected him as the first African American president.

Race is one of the most painful themes in U.S. history, and public opinion is full of contradictions and complexities. If you look back at survey results from the late 1950s and early 1960s, as Public Agenda did for the fiftieth anniversary of the Brown vs. Board of Education ruling, you can see how unimaginable a black president must have been:

In 1958, an overwhelming 94 percent told Gallup they opposed interracial marriages, such as the one between Obama's parents. (Today, eight in 10 say they approve).

In 1959, a little more than half, 53 percent, said the Brown decision "caused more trouble than it was worth."

In May 1961, most people (57 percent) told the Gallup poll that sit-ins at lunch counters and the activities of the "Freedom Riders" would actually hurt African Americans' chances for integration.

In 1964, Harris found 57 percent who disapproved of the "Freedom Summer" effort by civil rights workers to organize black voters in Mississippi.

It would be wrong to be too negative about public attitudes in this period. By the early 1960s, majorities of Americans supported the 1964 Civil Rights Act and opposed segregation laws. Most were repelled by heavy handed police tactics against protest marchers and backed presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy when they used troops and federal marshals to enforce civil rights laws. But there's no question the gap between the world of the early 1960s and the world we live in now is enormous.

There are serious issues surrounding race in the United States – the gaps in income, educational achievement, and other statistics persist. There are also wide differences in perceptions on race relations between whites and minorities. The problems around race are not resolved, and there's still a lot for the nation to work on.

But one question can be laid to rest. Surveys have shown for some time that majorities of Americans said they were ready to vote for an African American for president. But doubts persisted, with many wondering if people were lying to the pollsters, and questioning whether the public would really follow through in the voting booth.

On Tuesday night, they did. And that can only be called progress.

Ground-Breaking Political Theorist Daniel Yankelovich to Unveil New Framework and Process for Overcoming Entrenched Ideologies

Peiting Chen — Wed, 05 Nov 2008 14:56:09 -0500

MEDIA: NEWSFEED

The process – not the rhetoric – of change.

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The People Have A Responsibility, And Deserve The Opportunity, To Participate In Change

The New Pragmatism: Coping With America's Overwhelming Problems

Details Emerge on Obama's Plan to Relocate Gitmo Detainees

Viewpoint: The plague of economic illiteracy

The Red Tape Jungle

The Personal, the Political, and Assisted Suicide

Out Of The Past

Ground-Breaking Political Theorist Daniel Yankelovich to Unveil New Framework and Process for Overcoming Entrenched Ideologies

The View From Here: One Of Wall Street's Own
Looks At Past Mistakes, Present Opportunities